Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Functional Group - Tells the homologous series (family) the molecule belongs to
Displayed Formula - Relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
Displayed Formula - Relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
The best way to crack nomenclature (naming) and isomerism is through practice and doing examples
Nomenclature
Prefixes for naming organic compounds go as below
Prefix
meth eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec |
No. Carbons in the longest chain
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
Suffixes for organic compounds going by the homologous series
Suffix
ane ene anol yl |
Homologous Series
alkane C-C alkene C=C alcohol C-O-H alkyl (branched alkane) |
Naming Haloalkanes
Prefixes
Cl - Chloro
Br - Bromo
I - Iodo
Cl - Chloro
Br - Bromo
I - Iodo
Naming Process
- Find Longest Chain
- Identify functional groups added and on which carbon
- (2) is the prefix, (1) is the suffix
- If more chains
- If more than one of the same group then label what number carbons they are on and put in the prefix on the prefix di for 2
of the same functional groups, tri for 3 and tetra for 4 (ignore these in the alphabetical order)
Isomerism
- Positional Isomerism
Functional groups in different positions but have the same molecular formula but different structural and displayed formula
- Chain Isomerism
Same molecular formula but different name as there is a change in the longest chain length
- Functional Isomerism
Same molecular formula but different functional group
In the exam this generally arrives as an alkene functional isomer which becomes a cycloalkane